It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal. Chromium is a hard metal which is used in many industries. It is primarily used to produce stainless steel and other alloys. …Web
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To reveal the smelting reduction mechanism of chromium ore for producing stainless steel in converter, the dissolution behaviour of chromium ore in CaO-SiO(2)-MgO-Al(2)O(3) slag system was studied ...Web
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The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing ~ 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and ~ 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence considered as waste. Mineralogical investigation indicates the presence of chromite and quartz as major minerals with minor fuchsite and …Web
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We claim: 1. A smelting reduction process of chromium ore by charging a carbonaceous material and a chromium ore into hot metal admitted in a metallurgical reaction vessel such as a converter or the like, feeding an oxygen gas to burn the carbonaceous material and conducting fusion and reduction of the chromium ore …Web
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Keywords: Chromite ore fines, Sintering, Chromite sinter, Electric arc furnace, Ferrochrome, Metallic yield, Chromium recovery Introduction Majority of the lump chromite ores are lean (*30%Cr)Web
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Compare with prior art, in the tradition blast furnace smelting process, furnace temperature can reach about 1700 ℃, contained chromium is many in the nickel oxide ore exists with the chromium sesquioxide form, the fusing point of chromium sesquioxide is about 2300 ℃, so the reducing degree of chromium is limited in the nickel oxide ore, it is mobile …Web
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Chromium yield from the chro- mite ore increases with the increases in mill scale addition into the briquettes. The maximum chromium yield from the chromite ore is 99.9% when …Web
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Currently, chrome ore is ground to below 75μm, pelletized, heat hardened through carbothermic reaction at 1300°C to 1400°C, and then charged into a submerged electric arc furnace (EAF), along ...Web
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The details of the smelting, alloys and slag produced were given in the following section. 3.1 Smelting of chromite ore pellets having Cr/ Fe ratio 2.4 Based on the calculation made for the charge mix, smelting reduction of chromite ore pellets containing Cr/ Fe ratio 2.4 were carried out in 100 KVA SAF as shown in figure 3.1.Web
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Ferro-chrome (Fe-Cr) alloy is essential for the production of stainless steel and special steels which are widely used and are of high quality, typically characterized by a high corrosion resistance and a low tendency to magnetization. The processing cycle of Fe-Cr involves the chemical reduction of the chromite ore. Smelting of HC Fe-Cr ferro ...Web
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This study discusses the smelting behaviors of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite pellets (CVTP) with TiO2 additions. The results show that the softening start temperature T10% increases from 1148°C to 1215°C, and the softening end temperature T40% increases from 1280°C to 1336°C. The melting start temperature TS …Web
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Bayan Obo ore in the Inner Mongolia region of North China is a rare multimetallic mine that has 1.4 billion tons of Fe, 1 million tons of Nb 2 O 5, and > 40 million tons of rare-earth element (REE) minerals. 1 It accounts for 35% of the world's REE reserves and 5.5% of the world's Nb reserves. 2,3,4 Similar REE-Nb-Fe deposits are also found in …Web
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chromium present as FeCr 2O 4 in the ore. Chromium does not exist in the free form. 2.2 Methods In the smelting experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt pool was prepared in a 3-kg-capacity laboratory-scale plasma arc furnace to act as a liquid metal bath for absorption of reduced metals like chromium and nickel from the chromite ore. The ...Web
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In a test melts, high-carbon ferrochrome is produced from chrome sinter and chrome-ore fines in an arc electrofurnace. Two types of sinter with the best performance—the best sintering rate, strength, and product yield—are studied. It is demonstrated by experimental melts that high-carbon ferrochrome can be produced from …Web
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Abstract. In a test melts, high-carbon ferrochrome is produced from chrome sinter and chrome-ore fines in an arc electrofurnace. Two types of sinter with the best performance—the best sintering ...Web
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To reveal the smelting reduction mechanism of chromium ore for producing stainless steel in converter, the dissolution behaviour of chromium ore in CaO-SiO(2)-MgO-Al(2)O(3) slag system was studied ...Web
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Iron ore quality a potential headwind to green steelmaking: Technology and mining ... could affect production yield, and increase electricity consumption and slag volume in an EAF. In DRI-EAF processes, the metallic impurities including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and vanadium (V) should ideally be at a minimum as they hinder the ...Web
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The objective of chrome ore smelting is to convert the chromium into a form that can readily be used by the steelmaker. Although chrome has been smelted in blast …Web
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3.1.1. Chrome ore The ferrochrome value system commences at the chrome ore production level, which is segmented by ore characteristics. The ore is produced for different applications into metallurgical, chemical, foundry and refractory grades, with each application requiring a specific grade of ore (Table 1). TABLE 1: CHROME ORE …Web
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Chromium ore is an important metallic raw material that is widely used in the metallurgy industry, chemical industry, and refractory. Clarifying the consumption mechanism of chromium ore is crucial for policy making, enterprise production, and commodity investment. Based on the signal decomposition tool and S-curve model, a …Web
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Much chromite ore processing residue (COPR), which is defined as hazardous solid waste due to virulent Cr (Ⅵ), is produced from chromium salt industry. C-bearing dust from steel industry is a kind of typically solid waste with poor surface activity. The iron ore sintering process has the potential on large-scale harmless utilization of COPR and C …Web
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Experiments of smelting reduction of chromium ore by using 5 t test converter have been made to produce chromium containing hot metal for stainless steelmaking. Special interest was focused on ...Web
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If carbon and Cr2O3 are combined in a molar ratio of 3:1 and subjected to increasing temperature, a number of oxidation-reduction …
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2. Chromite Smelting Technologies Four primary processes are available for smelting chromite ore to produce ferrochrome. They are: Conventional smelting process, …Web
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ABSTRACT. The conventional process for producing high carbon ferrochromium by smelting chromite ore in a submerged arc furnace is reviewed and its limitations …Web
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Samancor's operations are centred on reserves held in the Bushveld layered intrusive complex, which contains approximately 70% of the world's economic chrome ore reserves in the Lower Group (LG) 6 and Middle Group (MG) 1 seams. LG6 has a Cr2O3 content of 43-47% and a Cr:Fe ratio of 1.6:1, while MG1 averages 42% Cr2O3 and a …Web
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In this paper, iron high-Cr alloy was produced by a direct alloying with chromium in carbo- thermal reduction using fine of low grade chromites ore and mill scale. The smelting …Web
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In the comparative study in identical condition, the chromite sinter showed much better metallic yield (76%) and higher chromium content (54.6%) in the produced ferrochrome than the lump ore (70 ...Web
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