By Mike Ives • January 28, 2013. In November, the first shipment of raw "rare earth" minerals arrived at an $800 million processing plant on Malaysia's east coast near the home of Tan Bun Teet. The …Web
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Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. Currently these …Web
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Mining rare earth elements requires extracting substantial amounts of rare earth ores spread across a wide area instead of concentrated in one location. The result is the production of large …Web
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The development of rare earth element (REE) production in Canada could generate significant economic benefits but also poses serious potential risks to the environment. Rare earth elements have been widely used in modern life and industries and are even indispensable in some crucial advanced technologies (e.g., permanent …Web
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The rare earths are 17 metallic elements, located in the middle of the periodic table (atomic numbers 21, 39, and 57–71). These metals have unusual fluorescent, conductive, and magnetic properties—which make them very useful when alloyed, or mixed, in small quantities with more common metals such as iron. Geologically speaking, the rare ...Web
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The accumulation of rare earth elements (REEs) in soil has occurred due to the pollution caused by the exploitation of rare earth resources and the wide rare earth fertilizers in agriculture. The accumulation of REEs has a toxic effect on the soil macrofauna community. 12 study samples were collected near a mine tailings dam with a …Web
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Rare earth elements (REEs) are an emerging pollutant whose increasing use in various technological applications causes increasing risk of environmental contamination. Electronic waste (E-waste) could be one major source of REE pollution, as E-waste typically contains elevated REE concentrations and is often handled in unsafe and …Web
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5:25 PM ET. By Dennis Normile. In-situ leaching to extract rare earth elements, such as at this mine in southern China, leads to water and soil pollution and large volumes of toxic waste. A Chinese group has proposed a new, cleaner approach that relies on electric currents to separate the elements from the soil. Kevnmh/Wikimedia …Web
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Rare earth (RE) elements are a group of 17 chemical elements including the 15 lanthanides plus Yttrium and Scandium. RE have been identified as critical elements due to their special properties (e.g., catalytic, metallurgical, nuclear, electrical, magnetic, and luminescent) and various applications in many modern technologies, environment and …Web
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Rare earth elements are finding their way into Colorado water supplies, driven by changes in climate, finds a new study published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.Web
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In addition, rare earth minerals have radioactive minerals with higher intensity than other minerals. That is, exploitation and processing of rare earth contain two risks of pollution: pollution of chemicals and radioactive contamination from rare earths. Thus, the question is to protect the health of exploiting workers, the health of the ...Web
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This chapter uses qualitative, historical, environmental, and epidemiological research from a range of sectors to outline the basis of comparison between ex ante and ex post pollution controls in the rare earth sector. Following an introduction of the problem, this chapter reviews the contemporary social and environmental impacts of rare earth …Web
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The release of heavy metals and other pollutants during mining led to "the destruction of vegetation and pollution of surface water, groundwater and farmland.". The "excessive rare earth ...Web
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In 1952, Mountain Pass opened. First explored as a uranium deposit, it soon supplied rare earths for the electronic needs of the Cold War economy. Until the 1990s, it stood alone as the only major ...Web
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rare-earth element, any member of the group of chemical elements consisting of three elements in Group 3 (scandium [Sc], yttrium [Y], and lanthanum [La]) and the first extended row of elements below the main body of the periodic table (cerium [Ce] through lutetium [Lu]). The elements cerium through lutetium are called the lanthanides, but …Web
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Rare earth elements are essential to today's modern economy due to their high magnetic properties that are needed for producing high-tech devices. ... The Chinese government introduced its first industrial standards for air and water pollution in the rare earth industry in 2011, while launching crackdowns on illegal mining and selling ...Web
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Published at the Yale School of the Environment Boom in Mining Rare Earths Poses Mounting Toxic Risks The mining of rare earth metals, used in everything from smart phones to wind turbines, has long …Web
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Based on the production of 103,900 tons of rare earth oxide in 2005, it is estimated that approximately 20,000-25,000 tons of waste water are produced every year, though with new regulations, this number may be decreasing. To separate the ore of one ton of rare earth concentrate that has a rare earth element content of 92 percent rare earth ...Web
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Overall, for every ton of rare earth, 2,000 tons of toxic waste are produced. China currently dominates the REE market, accounting for 85 percent of the global supply in 2016. Australia is the next largest producer contributing 10 percent of the market, yet barely making a dent in China's monopoly.
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Since then, MP Materials has been steadily ramping up rare-earth production at Mountain Pass, generating 14,000 tons of rare-earth oxides in 2018, and 28,000 tons the following year. Last year ...Web
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The Dirty Cost of Clean Energy. In The Rare Metals War, author Guillaume Pitron notes that dirty metals are necessary for a cleaner world.[42] On the surface, Pitron's assertion seems to be hyperbole, but in reality rare earth element extraction and refinement add significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and ground pollution.Web
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Yet these positive advances rely on a small number of "technology-critical elements," or TCEs, rare materials whose mining, production and disposal are linked to …Web
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Rare earth minerals are processed primarily from ores and minerals that also naturally contain uranium and thorium. Processing rare earth minerals involves the separation and removal of uranium and thorium, which results in TENORM wastes. For detailed information and publications about rare earths, including statistics about …Web
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Low-grade sources of rare earth elements (REE), for example from industrial waste, typically contain many rare earth elements and other metals mixed together. The new method relies on a protein called lanmodulin (LanM) that first binds to all the rare earth elements in the source. Then other metals are drained and removed.Web
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Big Wind's Dependence on China's "Toxic Lakes". The wind industry requires an astounding amount of rare earth minerals, primarily neodymium and dysprosium, which are key components of the magnets …Web
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The use of rare earth elements in various technologies continues to grow despite some alternatives being found for particular uses. Given a history of ecological concerns about pollution from rare earth …Web
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Rare earth elements (REEs) are important raw materials for green technologies. However, REE mining and production uses techniques that are often not …Web
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