Second Step: Stripping. The second major part of the S-X operation is the recovery of the desired material from the organic solvent in a purified and concentrated form in such a way that the organic solvent can be recycled to the extraction operation. This second step is usually called "stripping.".Web
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Solvent extraction (SX) or liquid–liquid extraction is one of the most widely performed hydrometallurgical techniques for the separation and purification of precious metals, base metals, rare-earth elements (REEs), actinides, alkali and alkaline-earth metals, and so on. This unit operation is based on differences in distributions of metal ions between two …Web
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The dynamic behaviour of an industrial copper solvent extraction mixer–settler cascade is modelled to develop an advanced process control system. First, the process is introduced and the dynamical models are formulated. The testing environment is described and the successful results presented. Only industrially …Web
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With this two level control strategy the production of the copper solvent extraction process is increased by 3–5% and the process variation is decreased by 70–90% compared to the manual operation of the case industrial plant. The results gained in simulation environment are successful and encouraging for further testing in an …Web
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Solvent extraction (SX) is one of the most widely applied hydrometallurgical processes in copper production from oxide ore. As the high-grade ore deposits have been developed and depleted, now only low-grade ore deposits are being developed and are therefore facing obstacles of extreme processing conditions. This results in leaching …Web
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The author's company has recently been awarded a contract for the design of the world's largest solvent extraction plant based on pump-mix mixer-settlers. The plant is designed to extract copper from a leach liquor and has an aqueous throughput of 12,000 imperial gpm. The design is based largely upon data obtained from the company's own ...Web
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Due to increasing copper world demand, there is a strong incentive to apply different processes to copper extraction from low grade ores. The copper Leaching, Solvent Extraction and Electrowinning circuit (LX–SX–EW) (see Fig. 1) is one of the most effective processes for this purpose.In this work, we focus on the liquid–liquid extraction …Web
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Copper Production. W.G. Davenport, in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 2001 2.3 Electrowinning. Electrowinning is the plating of metallic copper from the CuSO 4 –H 2 SO 4 –H 2 O electrolyte produced by solvent extraction. It consists of passing direct current between inert but conductive anodes (usually Pb–Sn–Ca alloy) …Web
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For many years, copper solvent extraction plants had been relatively free from significant fires, attributed mainly to the use of organic diluents with a high flash point. However, the situation changed dramatically in 1999, when a major fire occurred at BHP's Olympic Dam Copper-Uranium operation in South Australia. This wasWeb
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Purification of concentrated manganese sulfate solution by solvent extraction is discussed in this paper. The use of bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (D2EHPA) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (BTMPPA) was studied in removal of impurities from zinc electrowinning anode sludge leachates.Over 99 % of zinc and iron were …Web
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Copper Operation solvent extraction plant, Wu, M., Nakano, M., She, J.-H., A model-based Proceedings of the ALTA 2002 Copper-7 expert control system for the leaching process in Conference, Castlemaine, Victoria 2002, 23 p. ... Nakano, M., Gui, W., Expert control to a solvent extraction plant, Advances control and fault diagnosis of the …Web
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The modeling and control results are very encouraging for the further testing of the control system in an industrial copper solvent extraction plant. TKK dissertations, ISSN 1795-4584; 97 ViewWeb
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With this two level control strategy the production of the copper solvent extraction process is increased by 3–5% and the process variation is decreased by 70–90% compared to the manual ...Web
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Abstract Manganese has both direct and consequential effects on the operation of copper solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning circuits, as well as some other unit processes. These, in turn, generate further symptoms which can form positive feedback loops and can very quickly lead to catastrophic reductions in plant …Web
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Because of the design of mixers currently used in copper solvent extraction plants, metal transfer in a stage is usually about 85 to 95% of theoretical. For this reason, the values predicted by equilibrium McCabe-Thiele diagrams for the aqueous and organic phases exiting a given stage are seldom realized in an operating circuit.Web
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system for an industrial copper solvent extraction process. Since the copper solvent extraction process has similar characteristics to those processes in which model predictive control has been successfully applied, the first aim is to develop dynamical process models. A phenomenological steady state simulation model for a copper SX/EW pilot ...Web
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The control system is organized at three levels, local, hydrodynamic and metallurgic supervisory controls, in an architecture including field controllers, PLC and …Web
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In this paper, an industrial solvent extraction process is described and the mechanistic model (Komulainen et al. [13]) is briefly reviewed. Then the control strategy …Web
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This article compiles the results of a review of world copper solvent extraction (SX) plant practices and examines changes in operating practices in the last seven years as compared to previous world copper SX surveys in 1996 and 1999. Trends covered are fiber-reinforced plastic construction mixer box and settler designs, reverse flow settlers, and …Web
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Keywords: solvent extraction, multistage, copper, miniaturized SX plant, techno-economic assessment 1. Introduction Energy-critical elements, including transition metals (copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, and manganese), platinum group metals (PGMs), lithium, and rare earth elements (REEs), are increasingly in demand due to theirWeb
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The leaching operation is usually controlled using pumps and through programmable logic controllers (PLC). In general, the leaching stage is governed by three factors: recirculated raffinate flow from solvent extraction, PLS dam level, and PLS pump flow from the collector tank into the solvent extraction feed pool.Web
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A steady state model of an industrial copper solvent extraction and electrowinning plant was developed by Aminian et al [7]. The model for the solvent extraction considers mass transfer of copper and iron in the mixers. ... The control of the copper solvent extraction and electrowinning processes relies on operators actively manipulating the ...Web
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Improvements in plant control would make it possible to keep process variables near their optimal values, thus increasing the amount of copper produced, …Web
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To date, no advanced control strategies or systems have been reported in literature or known to be utilized in the plants. The control of the copper solvent extraction and electrowinning processes relies on operators actively manipulating the …Web
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Keywords: copper, solvent extraction, African Copperbelt, operations, review Introduction Following the success of the Rancher's Bluebird and Bagdad solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) operations in …Web
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Control Engineering Practice (1999) L. Magni et al. A stabilizing model-based predictive control algorithm for nonlinear systems Automatica (2001) D.Q. Mayne et al. …Web
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Copper and cobalt production from oxide ore types in the African Copperbelt by agitation leaching followed by solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning (EW) has been practiced for many years. The Tailings Leach Plant at Nchanga in Zambia was commissioned in 1974 and is still in operation today1. In recent years, more of these types of plants ...Web
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PDF | A two level control strategy that stabilizes and optimizes the production of an industrial copper solvent extraction process is presented. The... | Find, read and cite all the research...Web
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On-stream analysis in copper SX-EW processes. Zaldivar produces Cu cathodes using 4 solvent extraction trains. The plant has been using on-stream X-ray fluorescence analyzers for process monitoring and control. Since an elemental analyzer alone does not provide the critical information for plant operation, it has been …Web
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