In a single oral dose levels of respirable Ge particles. Germanium in non- study of GeO2 (100 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats, the occupationally exposed women with premenstrual maximal mean serum concentration was achieved in syndrome was found to be elevated in red blood cells 0.7 h and an excretion half-time of 2.3 h was observed (0.5 ppm vs. 0 ...Web
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A small (234 g) germanium detector of natural isotopic abundance, with an energy threshold of 2.5 keV and an energy resolution of 430 eV at the 10.37 keV X-ray 68 Ga peak, has collected data up to a statistics of 311 days, in a search for WIMPs. The timing information of the same set of data has allowed also a search for the characteristic time ...Web
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[25] We investigated an amorphous germanium powder prepared from GeCI, fects for germanium particles in the size range investigated and lithium naphthalide by thermoanalysis and X-ray diffraction and or. it …Web
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Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, carbon etc. Semiconductors are the basic building block of modern electronics, including transistors, solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and digital and analog integrated circuits. ... A quantum dot contains a small finite number of the order of 1–100 of conduction band …Web
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An attempt to control the particle size of germanium nitride was made by adjusting the ratio between the loading of germanium dioxide and graphene oxide. Decreasing of GeO 2 loading to 20 wt.% (GeO 2-rGO-20) resulted in a uniform coating of Ge 3 N 4 crystalline phase, ... The small shoulder, at 0.2 V, on the first discharging scan …Web
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In order to corroborate our hypothesis that small educts could evolve into bigger SMSs during laser irradiation, we first synthesized Ge particles by LAL in water (10–100 nm, peak at 80 nm).Web
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Emission of the hot particles and extinction against a continuous background were recorded by a spectrometer in the 380–703 nm and 230–556 nm ranges, respectively, selected based on the ...Web
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The small trap stiffness values measured for the germanium particles are possibly related to the generation of charge carriers in the semiconducting material as a result of laser light absorption [6]. In fact, such a phenomenon would increase the conducting character of the beads, therefore difficulting their stable trapping.Web
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37 Citations Metrics Abstract Pulsed laser melting in liquid (PLML) has emerged as a facile approach to synthesize submicron spheres (SMSs) for various applications. Typically lasers with long...Web
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The nano-sized morphology of the particles also plays a significant role, with the utilization of small particles being enhanced by their larger surface area and shorter diffusion length for the ...Web
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A small (234 g) germanium detector of natural isotopic abundance, with an energy threshold of 2.5 keV and an energy resolution of 430 eV at the 10.37 keV X-ray …Web
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Many controversies boil down to which of two distinctly different explanations, models, or options is the correct one. On page 729 of this issue, Kodambaka et al. (1) address a long-standing controversy—whether, below a certain temperature, the growth of semiconductor nanowires involves a liquid droplet or a solid particle of the catalytic …Web
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"The energy deposited in our detector following a dark matter particle interaction is expected to be extremely small ( Citation: Study sets the first germanium-based constraints on dark matter ...Web
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The large-volume long-chain polymer SiO 2 gradually depolymerized into small-volume oligomeric SiO 2 monomers as the leaching temperature increased, converting the flocculent particles of polysilicic acid to low activity hydrated SiO 2. This resulted the reduction of adsorption performance causing the higher leaching efficiency …Web
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Above 1 keV of initial particle energy, germanium is a good choice for the detec-tion of photon or ionizing particles. See Table 1 and Refs. [4–10] for studies, both ... quality crystals (despite being small) may be fabricated in University labs [11, 14] which show that nowadays the availability of such crystals is better thanWeb
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stable helium-3 atom by emission of a weak beta particle. With the proper catalyst i.e., fire,tritium combines spontaneously with oxygen in the air and will also replace ordinary hydrogen in water or other hydrogenous material (grease or oil), causing these materials to become radioactive. c. Hazards and Health Considerations:TritiumWeb
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Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, gallium, and antimony. Get the facts about element Germanium (Ge) [32] from the periodic table. Find physical data, electron configuration, chemical properties, aggregation states ...Web
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A small-angle X-ray scattering study of TEOG hydrolysis in water demonstrated that (Ge–O) x oligomers were formed at all of the studied mole fractions of germanium. However, their crystallization into GeO 2 particles only occurred when the molar concentration of germanium exceeded its solubility [ 24 ].Web
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Germanium nanoparticles have been known and applied for a few decades in the form of colloidal solutions, ... the sensitivity of the halide-terminated particles to moisture and air as the GeO 2 results from a reaction of the particles with a small amount of water or oxygen during the measurement . The substitution of the halide atoms of the ...Web
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In fact, magnetic separation is the only feasible method for the recovery of small particles (diameter approx. 0.05–1 μm) in the presence of biological debris and other fouling material of similar size. ... (DE 100 13 955 A1 and EP 1 274 745 A1) or a germanium-containing compound (DE 101 03 652 A1), they can be used for specific …Web
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As the energy deposits that should theoretically arise from sub-MeV dark matter particles are incredibly small (i.e., in the eV-scale), however, the associated …Web
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Moreover, germanium presented a close relationship with As, Pb and S, as shown in Figure 2 c. Spot 1 represented a C-rich particle containing low contents of S. Spot 2 was viewed as silicon dioxide owing to high contents of Si and O. Moreover, Spot 3 was recognized as calcium sulfate because of high contents of Ca, S and O.Web
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Since trapping forces scale with the particle volume, piconewton-force measurements so far required micron-sized probes practically limiting the spatiotemporal …Web
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A detailed investigation at the atomic level has been made of the factors affecting the dynamic activity of small gold crystals that are supported on thin films of amorphous carbon, silicon, and germanium. The rate of activity depends mainly on the current density of the incident electron beam and the degree of contact of the particle with the ...Web
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The here described method for the mild synthesis of germanium nanoparticles is based on the metastable character of Ge (I)Br solutions (solvent: mixture of toluene or THF and P n Bu 3 as a donor component) …Web
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A pod-like Ge‒C composite in which spherical germanium particles filled the inner space of nanotube of carbon doped with nitrogen was described in work . A capacity of 900 mА h/g at the 8 С rate was realized with this material. Germanium–graphene composites were first mentioned in 2012 [243, 244, 257]. The results of the first works did ...Web
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Abstract. This Chapter discusses the phenomena associated with germanium (Ge) nanocrystals emitting near infrared radiation under optical excitation. We describe how the emission properties are influenced by various effects, including those of strain and particle confinement, as well as excitation mechanisms. Two example systems are …Web
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Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them radioactive. None of the radioactive isotopes of germanium has any important commercial use. Extraction. Germanium in zinc ores is heated in the presence of chlorine gas. Germanium chloride …Web
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It is proposed that stress effects associated with the oxidation of small spherical particles allow the formed nanocrystalline Ge to survive during prolonged ultraviolet oxidation of the SiGe ...Web
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The disproportionation reaction especially gives access to small germanium nanoparticles within the size range up to 100 Å (Figure S3a,b in Supplementary material). ... 1988) underlining the sensitivity of the particles to moisture and air as the GeO 2 may result from a reaction of the particles with a small amount of water or oxygen during ...Web
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Where "q" is expressed in terms of 2π /a, and a is the lattice constant of Ge (0.5658 nm), d is the size of the Ge nanoparticle. Γ 0 (= 3.2 cm −1) is the natural line width of the transverse optical (TO) phonon in crystalline bulk Ge at room temperature and ω(q) is the TO phonon dispersion frequency relation at q.By using the above equation along with …Web
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However, the very small pore sizes (< 10 nm) of many mesoporous silicas make traditional deposition methods for germanium difficult, resulting in aggregated …Web
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Besides GeAs crystal, the crystal peak of metallic germanium also appeared in the ultrafine particles, which peak of metallic germanium phases at 27.5°, 46.8° and 55° (2θ) was sharp.Web
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Chemical Properties. At a temperature of 250 °C, germanium slowly oxidizes to G e O 2. Germanium dissolves slowly in concentrated sulfuric acid, and is insoluble in diluted acids and alkalis. It will react violently with molten alkalis to produce [GeO 3] 2-. The common oxidation states of germanium are +4 and +2.Web
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"The energy deposited in our detector following a dark matter particle interaction is expected to be extremely small ( Citation: Study sets the first germanium-based …Web
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Figure (PageIndex{1}): Very Small Particles of Noncrystalline Carbon Are Used to Make Black Ink. (a) Since ancient times, ink sticks have been the major source of black ink in Asia. ... The last member of the group 14 …Web
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Clean surfaces of germanium particles with diameters of 2–10 nm are studied by ultrahigh-vacuum high-resolution electron microscopy. The surfaces are found to be reconstructed in the profile images: on the (001) facet the asymmetric dimer structure is formed, while on the (111) facet an island of a finite size with a specific reconstruction is …Web
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Germanium is a metalloid. A metalloid is an element that has characteristics of both metals and non-metals. Germanium is located in the middle of the carbon family, which is Group 14 (IVA) in the periodic table. ... Radioactive isotopes are produced when very small particles are fired at atoms. These particles stick in the atoms and make them ...Web
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