In some areas of the world, high levels of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) are found in the soil together with sodium chloride (NaCl). However, most studies on salinity are performed utilizing only NaCl as a salinizing agent. Generally, plant species have different tolerance/susceptibility responses when grown in the presence of these salts. Some …Web
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According to the experiment, sodium sulfate can be used as an ideal salt-making product in the evaporation and concentration process of simulated high-salt wastewater. The solubility data of sodium sulfate in the water-salt system of high-salt wastewater from lead-acid batteries are fitted, and the fitting formula is obtained as …Web
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The process has also been termed the sulfate process because of the use of sodium sulfate (salt cake) in the chemical makeup. Sulfate, however, is not an active ingredient of the cooking liquor. Many soda mills were converted to kraft because of the greater strength of the pulp. Kraft pulp, however, was dark in colour and difficult to bleach ...Web
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isation to the Hargreaves process for making sodium sulphate from sodium chloride* The more important commercial methods of immfacturing sodium sulphate are described together with their advantages and disadvantages in order to provide a basis for evaluation of the process developed# The problem was divided into two parts %Web
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Sodium sulfate is also formed as a byproduct in the manufacture of hydrogen chloride by the reaction of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid at high temperatures (Mannheim process, Hargreaves process and the fluidized bed process). At the end of the I970 s the Mannheim process was used to produce about half of the sodium sulfate produced in ...Web
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Veolia has over 1,000 installations in more than 30 countries with evaporation and crystallization systems providing critical industrial process that: Produce pure products from natural deposits. Recover by-products from waste streams. Concentrate dilute streams. Volume reduction and water recovery for environmental benefits.Web
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Figure 3b shows the variation of metal leaching yield with temperature with sodium sulfate added in roasting process. Obviously, the leaching yield of Cu is less than 1% at 400 °C, while the ...Web
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The domestic natural sodium sulfate industry consists of three producers in California, Texas, and Utah. In addition, the recovery of sodium sulfate as a byproduct from facilities that manufacture rayon and various chemicals accounts for nearly 50% of total domestic production. The total value of sodium sulfate sold was estimated at $50 million ...Web
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Introduction: Sodium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Na2SO4. It is a white, odorless, and water-soluble powder that is used in a wide range of applications. It is often referred to as the mineral …Web
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The two main methods of industrial production are: From Natural Minerals: Sodium sulfate can be derived from natural minerals such as mirabilite, also known as Glauber's salt. By-Product of other Chemical Processes: It is also produced as a by-product in the …Web
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The process to obtaining Sodium sulfate and magnesium hydroxide of this invention, is initially characterized because the required raw material (100) is a mixture or solid compound which contains soluble sodium or magnesium salts; being some of the preferred materials the natural minerals as Bloedite, Loewite, Vanthoffite, Dansite, Neighborite ...Web
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The predominant chemical reactant involved in hot corrosion has been confirmed to be sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4), ... Fig. 3 illustrates these steps of hot corrosion process induced by molten sulfate salts. During combustion or oxidation processes, some alkaline sulfates are produced from the sulfur- and alkaline metal - …Web
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A cyclic process for the manufacture of sodium sulfate and chlorine which comprises the steps: (A) reacting two moles of sodium pyrosulfate with two moles of sodium chloride at a temperature between 325 C. and 600 C. to produce three moles of sodium sulfate and a gas mixture containing one mole of sulfur dioxideand one mole of chlorine, (B ...Web
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1 Uses . 1 Mineralogy of principal compounds of sodium sulphate _ 2 Mirabilite_________________________________ 2 Thenardite__ __ _______________ …Web
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The production method of the high-purity sodium dodecyl sulfate of the present embodiment, the steps of which are as follows: (1) Sulfonation, neutralization: 8.5.26 kg of lauryl alcohol (99% by mass) was added with 82.5 kg of sulfur trioxide gas to form a sulfonate (CH 3 (CH 2 ) „OS0 3 H). The sulfate ester was neutralized with 200 kg of 20% ...Web
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In areas where rainfall is scanty sodium sulphate is termed white alkali in contras^ to sodium carbonate, which is termed black alkali on account of its corrosive action on vegetation. Uses. In the form of salt cake sodium sulphate is used in making wood pulp by the sulphate process, plate glass, window glass, andWeb
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US05/907,284 Method of producing potassium sulfate. Data provided by IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. A method of producing potassium sulfate consists in conversion of sodium sulfate with potassium chloride in an aqueous medium to yield glaserite and a glaserite solution. Then, the glaserite is decomposed with potassium …Web
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Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), also known as sodium laurilsulfate or sodium dodecyl sulfate, is an anionic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifying cleaning agent in cleaning products (laundry detergents, spray cleaners, and dishwasher detergents). ... to be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane during the ethoxylation process is …Web
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Sodium sulfate is widely used as a fining agent in high-tonnage glass technology. Since the conditions for redox glassmaking and Fe 2+ ↔Fe 3+ equilibrium displacement are formed under the influence of sulfate, the glassmaking process and glass quality largely depend on the quality and particulars of sulfate interaction with a reducing …Web
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10.2.2.1 Process Description1-The kraft pulping process (see Figure 10.2-1) involves the digesting of wood chips at elevated temperature and pressure in "white liquor", which is a water solution of sodium sulfide and sodium hydroxide. The white liquor chemically dissolves the lignin that binds the cellulose fibers together.Web
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• Total views: 312.3k • Views today: 4.12k Download PDF NCERT Solutions CBSE CBSE Study Material Textbook Solutions CBSE Notes What is Sodium Sulfate? …Web
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the chloride process and the sulfate process. The chloride process uses chlorine gas (Cl 2) and coke (C+) at elevated temperature to create titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4). Sec-ondary oxidation removes the chlorine gas and creates ti-tanium dioxide (TiO 2). pH measurement is not used in the initial phases of the chloride process; however, it is ...Web
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The aim of this paper is to present experimental observations of the crystallisation of sodium sulfate, specifically to determine the degree of supersaturation required for nucleation and growth, to determine how …Web
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As the process is based on chemical circulation internally in the process, the objective was to investigate the accumulation of the elements in solution, specifically Na+, K+, SO42− ions and impurities liberated in the NaOH conversion step. ... the sodium sulfate originating from the added NaOH in the double salt conversion to hydroxide is ...Web
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The sodium sulfate is not the active chemical during the kraft pulping process but only the source to generate sodium sulfide (Na 2 S). Most of the sodium sulfate in the recovery boiler is reduced to Na 2 S. The efficiency of this reduction is called reduction efficiency and normal values are in the range of 90–94 per cent. See Equation 1.Web
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The pulp obtained from sulfite process is comparatively brighter than the pulp obtained from soda or sulfate process. Unbleached pulp of 32.3 kappa number at 50.3% yield was obtained in a study carried out on cornstalk using 16% of sodium sulfite and sodium hydroxide in 50:50 ratio at 145°C for 30 minutes.Web
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Sodium sulfate. Na2SO4. CAS . Molecular Weight 142.04. Browse Sodium sulfate and related products at Merck.Web
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Sodium sulfate's diverse applications make it an essential chemical in several industries. The most common uses of sodium sulfate include: Detergent Manufacturing: In the detergent industry, it is used as a filler or diluting agent. Paper Industry: It's a crucial component in the kraft process of paper pulping, aiding in the removal of lignin.Web
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Sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) is a sodium salt of sulfuric acid. Anhydrous sulphate is seen as a white crystalline solid which is also known as mineral thenardite, …Web
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Table 1 Specific requirements for Sodium Sulfate, Anhydrous. S/N Characteristic Requirement (on dry basis) Method of test as referred to clause No. in annex A i. Sodium sulphate (as Na 2 SO 4), percent by mass, min 98.0 A-3 ii. Matter insoluble in water, percent by mass, max 0.5 A-4 iii. Chlorides (as NaCI), percent by mass, max 2.0 A-5 iv.Web
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3. Magnesium sulfate (n=7, e=2.8 mg/L) is a slightly acidic drying agent. It works well in solvents like diethyl ether, but not as well for ethyl acetate. It is a fast drying agent, in part because it comes as a fine powder with a large surface area. 4. Sodium sulfate (n=10, e=25 mg/L) has a very high capacity and is mainly used for very wet ...Web
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4. The process of claim 1 wherein the separated soluble sodium sulfate phase is heated to a temperature of at least C., filtered and the resulting filtrate evaporated to thereby form anhydrous sodium sulfate. 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the'source of the sodium sulfate is mercury electrolytic cell or diaphragm cell brine.Web
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Sodium Sulfate is the salt of sulfuric acid that is readily soluble in water and exists as crystals or crystalline powder. it is used in cara- mel production. Production Methods: Sodium sulfate is mined from its natural mineral deposits and subjected to purification. Sodium sulfate is synthesized by the Mannheim process or Hargreaves process.Web
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In this paper, sodium sulfate decahydrate (SSD) with a phase transition temperature of 32 °C was selected as the phase change energy storage material. However, SSD has the problems of large degree of supercooling, obvious phase stratification, and low thermal conductivity. To address these issues, a new SSD composite phase change …Web
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A sulfate stock solution of 10,000 mg/L was prepared by adding 147.9167 g of sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) to 1 L of deionized water. Since sodium ions ... (SEAD) process was proposed with superior …Web
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Sodium Sulfate is the salt of sulfuric acid that is readily soluble in water and exists as crystals or crystalline powder. it is used in cara- mel production. Production Methods. Sodium sulfate is mined from its natural mineral deposits and subjected to purification. Sodium sulfate is synthesized by the Mannheim process or Hargreaves …Web
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