The reduced ilmenite samples used in the present study were provided by a local producer and used as received. The reduced ilmenite was produced by carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1150 °C for approximately 8 h. The ilmenite concentrate used in this plant is a natural weathered beach sand with the main ...Web
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There was no indication of a secondary reduction step where rutile reduces to a less oxidized state such as Ti 3 O 5 (Bardi et al., 1987) supporting the literature which states that TiO 2 will only begin to reduce when all the ilmenite present has reduced (Zhao and Shadman, 1993).Web
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Solar Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite Using Palm Kernel Shell Biomass High Temperature Processing of Complex Ores Published: 05 August 2020 72, …Web
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The present work aims to investigate the link between the oxidation and reduction of a weathered ilmenite concentrate in terms of phase transitions, microstructural changes, and element distribution.Web
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reduced ilmenite. In the present work, the corrosion process of reduced ilmenite was investigated, with the emphasis on the effects of corrosion temperature, oxygen flow rate and corrosion time on the transformation of metallic iron. Moreover, the effect of mineral phase of Fe-bearing products on T–e separation was also investigated.Web
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In the present work, the corrosion process of reduced ilmenite was investigated, with the emphasis on the effects of corrosion temperature, oxygen flow …Web
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Ilmenite can be reduced to different forms depending on the reaction gas composition, notably CO 2 in this case. Usually, when enough CO 2 is present, ilmenite reduction is limited to Fe 3 O 4 (RRR3 and …Web
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Sulfur is present in ilmenite mud in the form of sulfates, and is completely removed via roasting. The phases in the roasted ilmenite mud were titanium dioxide, pseudobrookite, and silica. The roasted ilmenite …Web
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In a recent process (Becher et al., 1965), the iron oxide of ilmenite is reduced to the metallic state using coal, which is then catalytically converted to solid iron oxide, which can be easily separated. The product obtained is synthetic rutile containing around 92% Ti02. Detailed investigations on this process have been reported (Farrow et al ...Web
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According to the present invention, we have discovered that reduced ilmenite, that is ilmenite which has been subjected to a reducing treatment and thus consists essentially of titanium dioxide, metallic iron, and possibly some unreduced iron oxide, may be reacted with an ilmenite digestion liquor formed by the digestion of ilmenite ore with ...Web
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The reduced ilmenite samples were examined using a Rigaku MiniFlex II diffractometer with a copper source operated at 15 mA and 30 kV and a scanning rate of 10°–90° with scan speed of 4° per min. ... Major phases present included reduced ilmenite (may include pseudobrookite), Fe metal, Cr-rich spinels, rutile, and zircon. Minor to trace ...Web
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A pathfinder study with the ISRU-BDM (Sargeant et al., 2020b) showed that 45 mg samples of 95% pure ilmenite grains could be reduced to produce yields of 3.51 ± 0.05 wt % O 2 (in terms of the water produced) over a reaction time of 4 h (the estimated time frame for ISRU experiments with ProSPA).The highest yield was obtained with an initial …Web
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At present, ilmenite is mainly used to produce titanium dioxide. About 90% of the world's titanium ores are used to produce titanium ... according to the XRD analysis results, titanium hematite has been completely reduced, ilmenite continues to be reduced, iron particles continue to grow and gather, part of the iron is connected into a piece ...Web
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The reduced ilmenite product of ilmenite placer contains both TiO 2 and Fe, which possess slag forming capacity by TiO 2 and restrike of arc property by Fe. Thus, ilmenite placer is suitable for producing reduced ilmenite for coating material of welding electrode. ... Hence the present work addresses to propose a method to enhance the ...Web
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In the present investigation the ilmenite ore was first subjected to oxidation roasting at the temperatures ranging between 850 - 950 °C to convert ferrous oxide in the ilmenite to ferric state.Web
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The measurement of metallic iron present in the reduced ilmenite samples was achieved by the use of a Saturated Magnetic Analysis balance (Satmagan). As the results of the Satmagan analysis are dimensionless, a calibration graph was generated from a range of reduced ilmenites containing known concentrations of metallic iron.Web
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Conventionally TiO 2 is produced from Ilmenite ore by carbothermic reduction followed by leaching of iron to produce high purity TiO 2 which leads to loss of metallic iron and disposal of effluents. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop a process for production of TiO 2 utilizing low grade raw materials. Ilmenite ore pellets of …Web
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The apparent activation energy for ilmenite reduction using biomass and graphite was determined to be 217.00 ± 0.06 kJ mol −1 and 239.44 ± 0.06 kJ mol −1, …Web
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In Fig. 4 (a), when the reduction temperature is 1073 K and the reduction time is 40 min, the diffraction peaks of ilmenite disappear, and only the diffraction peaks of iron and rutile are present, indicating that the iron oxides in ilmenite concentrate are completely reduced by hydrogen to produce metal iron. When the reaction temperatures are ...Web
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The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as ...Web
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The traditional aeration leaching process for the upgrading of reduced ilmenite is extremely sluggish and needs significant improvements in its efficiency.Web
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Ilmenite and Rutile: FeTiO 3 + nTiO 2 + (4+3n)C ---->Fe + (1+n)TiC + (3+2n)CO Where n represents the number of TiO 2 molecules Reduction with CO. This reaction is based on a fluidized bed scheme which is similar to large scale proposals for Hydrogen Reduction. The product of CO reduction of Ilmenite is Carbon Dioxide (CO 2), which is reduced to ...Web
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In this paper, a novel process was studied for the recovery of iron and titanium from ilmenite concentrate. The ilmenite powders first underwent an oxidation pretreatment and were reduced isothermally at 1350–1450 °C by graphite with the addition of Na 2 SO 4.The influence of temperature, C/O molar ratio and the dosage of the added …Web
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The reactivity of ilmenite as an oxygen carrier (OC) in the presence of H2S was studied. A simulated syngas (66% CO, 34% H2) was used as the fuel. H2S concentrations were set to 4700 and 6580 ppm ...Web
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With an increase in the Na 2 B 4 O 7 content, the metallization ratio of reduced ilmenite concentrates first increased and then decreased slightly. ... which can be attributed to oxide inclusion. Various oxides were present in the iron phase while the iron particles grew during the reduction process, which constituted an exogenous inclusion ...Web
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These leaching parameters were reported as the best conditions for leaching out the iron particles in the form of iron oxide from reduced/nitrided Australian ilmenite samples. The present results were slightly inconsistent with the findings of Adipuri et al., and it could be due to the different ilmenite composition containing different ...Web
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The present study aims to reduce oxides in ilmenite ore from our local mining to produce titanium oxides by carbothermal reduction process and recycled agricultural waste from palm shell as renewable reductant. The phase and chemical compositions of ilmenite ore and reduced samples were analyzed by XRD and XRF. It …Web
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present investigation. The residue containing ferrous chloride was characterized with the help of XRD and EPMA. During the experiment it was found that complete separation of HCl and FeCl 2 is feasible. The final pH of separated HCl is found to be 1.66 and it is suitable for reuse in the leaching of reduced ilmenite and the process makes a loop.Web
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Mechanism of phase segregation and surface layer formation in oxidation of the reduced ilmenite OCs. (a) the first mechanism proposed based on Kirkendall effects, (b) the mechanism proposed by present study, (c) the distributions of oxygen, temperature, and pressure along particle radius, and (d) factures and breaks of surface layer occurring ...Web
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Chemical looping reforming of CH 4 (CH 4-CLR) is an advanced technology for syngas generation, and ilmenite ore has been considered a promising oxygen carrier material due to its extremely low cost. However, the weak reactivity of ilmenite ore over CH 4 prevents its practical application in CH 4-CLR.This study has established a facile …Web
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ilmenite phase is present and further reduction is limited. ... Back-scattered SEM images of cross-sectioned ilmenite reduced, oxidized, and reduced in a TGA in moist H 2. The X-ray maps show a thinWeb
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Wang and Yuan studied the reduction of ilmenite concentrate by graphite under argon atmosphere at 850–1400 °C using thermogravimetric analysis apparatus …Web
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Abstract The present communication describes an investigation on the preparation of metallized composite pellets from ilmenite concentrate. It was observed that the pellet size in the range of 8–12 mm, a binder dosage of 4 wt%, and internal carbon of 5 wt% are the optimum levels that help the pellets attain the desired drop number (~ …Web
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In the present study, this task was realized by the FactSage thermochemical software and databases. The results are presented in Fig. 16, Fig. 17. From Fig. 16, ... This shows that titanium suboxides can reduce ilmenite, and also the metallization rate of iron is increased. This study has great guideline significance for the clean and green ...Web
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